Chapter 19 – Excretory Products And Their Elimination

The following substances are the excretory products in animals. Choose the least toxic form among them.

• a.Urea
• b.Uric acid
• c.Ammonia
• d.Carbon dioxide

Filtration of the blood takes place at

• a.PCT
• b.DCT
• c.Collecting ducts
• d.Malpighian body

Which of the following statements is correct?

• a.ADH – prevents conversion of angiotensinogen in blood to angiotensin
• b.Aldosterone – facilitates water reabsorption
• c.ANF – enhances sodium reabsorption
• d.Renin – causes vasodilation

Which of the following is removed from our body by lungs?

• a.CO2 only
• b.H2O only
• c.CO2 and H2O
• d.Ammonia EXCRETORY PRODUCTS AND THEIR ELIMINATION 109

The pH of human urine is approximately

• a.6.5
• b.7
• c.6
• d.7.5

Different types of excretory structures and animals are given below. Match them appropriately and mark the correct answer from among those given below: Excretory structure/ organ Animals A. Protonephridia i. Prawn B. Nephridia ii. Cockroach C. Malpighian tabules iii. Earthworm D. Green gland or Antennal gland iv. Flatworms

• a.A-iv, B-iii, C-ii, D-i
• b.A-iii, B-i, C-iv, D-ii
• c.A-iii, B-iv, C-ii, D-i
• d.A-iii, B-i, C-ii, D-iv

Which one of the following statements is incorrect?

• a.Birds and land snails are uricotelic animals.
• b.Mammals and frogs are ureotelic animals
• c.Aquatic amphibians and aquatic insects are ammonotelic animals
• d.Birds and reptiles are ureotelic

Which of the following pairs is wrong?

• a.Uricotelic ---------- Birds
• b.Ureotelic ---------- Insects
• c.Ammonotelic ---------- Tadpole
• d.Ureotelic ---------- Elephant

Which one of the following statements is incorrect?

• a.The medullary zone of kidney is divided into a few conical masses called medullary pyramids projecting into the calyces.
• b.Inside the kidney the cortical region extends in between the medullary pyramids as renal pelvis.
• c.Glomerulus alongwith Bowman’s capsule is called the renal corpuscle.
• d.Renal corpuscle, proximal convoluted tabule (PCT) and distal convoluted tubule (DCT) of the nephron are situated in the cortical region of kidney.

The condition of accumulation of urea in the blood is termed as

• a.Renal Calculi
• b.Glomerulonephritis
• c.Uremia
• d.Ketonuria

Which one of the following is also known as antidiuretic hormone?

• a.Oxytocin
• b.Vasopressin
• c.Adrenaline
• d.Calcitonin

Match the terms given in Column I with their physiological processes given in Column II and choose the correct answer Column I Column II A. Proximal convoluted tubule i. Formation of concenterated urine B. Distal convoluted tubule ii. Filtration of blood C. Henle’s loop iii. Reabsorption of 70-80% of electrolytes D. Counter-current mechanism iv. Ionic balance E. Renal corpuscle v. maintenance of concentration gradient in medulla

• a.A-iii, B-v, C-iii, D-ii, E-i
• b.A-iii, B-iv, C-i, D-v, E-ii
• c.A-i, B-iii, C-ii, D-v, E-iv
• d.A-iii, B-i, C-iv, D-v, E-ii

Match the abnormal conditions given in Column A with their explanations given in Column B and Choose the correct option Column A Column B A. Glycosurea i. Accumulation of uric acid in joints B. Renal calculi ii. Inflammation in glomeruli C. Glomerular nephritis iii. Mass of crystallised salts within the kidney D. Gout iv. presence of glucose in urine Options:

• a.A-i, B-iii, C-ii, D-iv
• b.A-iii, B-ii, C-iv, D-i
• c.A-iv, B-iii, C-ii, D-i
• d.A-iv, B-ii, C-iii, D-i EXCRETORY PRODUCTS AND THEIR ELIMINATION 111

We can produce a concentrated/ dilute urine. This is facilitated by a special mechanism. Identify the mechanism.

• a.Reabsorption from PCT
• b.Reabsorption from Collecting Duct
• c.Reabsorption/ Secretion in DCT
• d.Counter current mechanism in Henle’s loop/ Vasa recta

Dialysing unit (artificial kidney) contains a fluid which is almost same as plasma except that it has

• a.High glucose
• b.High urea
• c.No urea
• d.High uric acid