Two students performed the same experiment separately and each one of them recorded two readings of mass which are given below. Correct reading of mass is 3.0 g. On the basis of given data, mark the correct option out of the following statements. Student Readings
- (i)
- (ii)A 3.01 2.99 B 3.05 2.95 (i) Results of both the students are neither accurate nor precise. (ii) Results of student A are both precise and accurate.
- (iii)Results of student B are neither precise nor accurate.
- (iv)Results of student B are both precise and accurate.
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(ii) A 3.01 2.99 B 3.05 2.95 (i) Results of both the students are neither accurate nor precise. (ii) Results of student A are both precise and accurate.
A measured temperature on Fahrenheit scale is 200 °F. What will this reading be on Celsius scale?
- (i)40 °C
- (ii)94 °C
- (iii)93.3 °C
- (iv)30 °C
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What will be the molarity of a solution, which contains 5.85 g of NaCl(s) per 500 mL? –1
- (i)4 mol L –1
- (ii)20 mol L –1
- (iii)0.2 mol L –1
- (iv)2 mol L
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If 500 mL of a 5M solution is diluted to 1500 mL, what will be the molarity of the solution obtained?
- (i)1.5 M
- (ii)1.66 M
- (iii)0.017 M
- (iv)1.59 M
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The number of atoms present in one mole of an element is equal to Avogadro number. Which of the following element contains the greatest number of atoms?
- (i)4g He
- (ii)46g Na
- (iii)0.40g Ca
- (iv)12g He –1
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If the concentration of glucose (C6H12O6) in blood is 0.9 g L , what will be the molarity of glucose in blood?
- (i)5M
- (ii)50 M
- (iii)0.005 M
- (iv)0.5 M
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What will be the molality of the solution containing 18.25 g of HCl gas in 500 g of water?
- (i)0.1 m
- (ii)1M
- (iii)0.5 m
- (iv)1m
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One mole of any substance contains 6.022 × 1023 atoms/molecules. Number of molecules of H2SO4 present in 100 mL of 0.02M H2SO4 solution is ______.
- (i)12.044 × 10 molecules
- (ii)6.022 × 10 molecules
- (iii)1 × 10 molecules
- (iv)12.044 × 10 molecules
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(i) 12.044 × 10 molecules
What is the mass percent of carbon in carbon dioxide?
- (i)0.034%
- (ii)27.27%
- (iii)3.4%
- (iv)28.7%
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The empirical formula and molecular mass of a compound are CH2O and 180 g respectively. What will be the molecular formula of the compound?
- (i)C9H18O9
- (ii)CH2O
- (iii)C6H12O6
- (iv)C2H4O2 –1
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If the density of a solution is 3.12 g mL , the mass of 1.5 mL solution in significant figures is _______.
- (i)4.7g
- (ii)4680 × 10–3g
- (iii)4.680g
- (iv)46.80g
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Which of the following statements about a compound is incorrect?
- (i)A molecule of a compound has atoms of different elements.
- (ii)A compound cannot be separated into its constituent elements by physical methods of separation.
- (iii)A compound retains the physical properties of its constituent elements.
- (iv)The ratio of atoms of different elements in a compound is fixed.
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(iii) A compound retains the physical properties of its constituent elements.
Which of the following statements is correct about the reaction given below: 4Fe(s) + 3O2(g) → 2Fe2O3(g)
- (i)Total mass of iron and oxygen in reactants = total mass of iron and oxygen in product therefore it follows law of conservation of mass.
- (ii)Total mass of reactants = total mass of product; therefore, law of multiple proportions is followed.
- (iii)Amount of Fe2O3 can be increased by taking any one of the reactants (iron or oxygen) in excess.
- (iv)Amount of Fe2O3 produced will decrease if the amount of any one of the reactants (iron or oxygen) is taken in excess.
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(i) Total mass of iron and oxygen in reactants = total mass of iron and oxygen in product therefore it follows law of conservation of mass.
Which of the following reactions is not correct according to the law of conservation of mass.
- (i)2Mg(s) + O2(g) → 2MgO(s)
- (ii)C3H8(g) + O2(g) → CO2(g) + H2O(g)
- (iii)P4(s) + 5O2(g) → P4O10(s)
- (iv)CH4(g) + 2O2(g) → CO2(g) + 2H2O (g) 3 Some Basic Concepts of Chemistry
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(ii) C3H8(g) + O2(g) → CO2(g) + H2O(g)
Which of the following statements indicates that law of multiple proportion is being followed.
- (i)Sample of carbon dioxide taken from any source will always have carbon and oxygen in the ratio 1:2.
- (ii)Carbon forms two oxides namely CO2 and CO, where masses of oxygen which combine with fixed mass of carbon are in the simple ratio 2:1.
- (iii)When magnesium burns in oxygen, the amount of magnesium taken for the reaction is equal to the amount of magnesium in magnesium oxide formed.
- (iv)At constant temperature and pressure 200 mL of hydrogen will combine with 100 mL oxygen to produce 200 mL of water vapour.
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(ii) Carbon forms two oxides namely CO2 and CO, where masses of oxygen which combine with fixed mass of carbon are in the simple ratio 2:1.
One mole of oxygen gas at STP is equal to _______.
- (i)6.022 × 1023 molecules of oxygen
- (ii)6.022 × 1023 atoms of oxygen
- (iii)16 g of oxygen
- (iv)32 g of oxygen
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(i) 6.022 × 1023 molecules of oxygen
(iv) 32 g of oxygen
Sulphuric acid reacts with sodium hydroxide as follows : H2SO4 + 2NaOH → Na2SO4 + 2H2O When 1L of 0.1M sulphuric acid solution is allowed to react with 1L of 0.1M sodium hydroxide solution, the amount of sodium sulphate formed and its molarity in the solution obtained is –1
- (i)0.1 mol L
- (ii)7.10 g –1
- (iii)0.025 mol L
- (iv)3.55 g
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(ii) 7.10 g –1
(iii) 0.025 mol L
Which of the following pairs have the same number of atoms?
- (i)16 g of O2(g) and 4 g of H2(g)
- (ii)16 g of O2 and 44 g of CO2
- (iii)28 g of N2 and 32 g of O2
- (iv)12 g of C(s) and 23 g of Na(s)
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(iii) 28 g of N2 and 32 g of O2
(iv) 12 g of C(s) and 23 g of Na(s)
Which of the following solutions have the same concentration?
- (i)20 g of NaOH in 200 mL of solution
- (ii)0.5 mol of KCl in 200 mL of solution
- (iii)40 g of NaOH in 100 mL of solution
- (iv)20 g of KOH in 200 mL of solution
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(i) 20 g of NaOH in 200 mL of solution
(ii) 0.5 mol of KCl in 200 mL of solution
16 g of oxygen has same number of molecules as in
- (i)16 g of CO
- (ii)28 g of N2
- (iii)14 g of N2
- (iv)1.0 g of H2
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(iii) 14 g of N2
(iv) 1.0 g of H2
Which of the following terms are unitless?
- (i)Molality
- (ii)Molarity
- (iii)Mole fraction
- (iv)Mass percent
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(iii) Mole fraction
(iv) Mass percent
One of the statements of Dalton’s atomic theory is given below: “Compounds are formed when atoms of different elements combine in a fixed ratio” Which of the following laws is not related to this statement?
- (i)Law of conservation of mass
- (ii)Law of definite proportions
- (iii)Law of multiple proportions
- (iv)Avogadro law
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(i) Law of conservation of mass
(iv) Avogadro law
What will be the mass of one atom of C-12 in grams?
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1.992648 × 10–23 g ≈ 1.99 × 10–23 g
How many significant figures should be present in the answer of the following calculations? 2.5 × 1.25 × 3.5 2.01
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What is the symbol for SI unit of mole? How is the mole defined?
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Symbol for SI Unit of mole is mol. One mole is defined as the amount of a substance that contains as many particles or entities as there are atoms in exactly 12 g (0.012 kg) of the 12C isotope.
What is the difference between molality and molarity?
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Molality is the number of moles of solute present in one kilogram of solvent but molarity is the number of moles of solute dissolved in one litre of solution. Molality is independent of temperature whereas molarity depends on temperature. 3 × (atomic mass of calcium)
Calculate the mass percent of calcium, phosphorus and oxygen in calcium phosphate Ca3(PO4)2.
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Mass percent of calcium = × 100 molecular mass of Ca 3 (PO4 )2 120 u = ×100 = 38.71% 310 u 2 × (atomic mass of phosphorus) Mass percent of phosphorus = × 100 molecular mass of Ca 3 (PO 4 )2 2 × 31 u = ×100 = 20% 310 u 9 Some Basic Concepts of Chemistry 8 × ( Atomic mass of oxygen) Mass percent of oxygen = molecular mass of Ca (PO ) × 100 3 4 2 8 × 16 u = ×100 = 41.29% 310 u
45.4 L of dinitrogen reacted with 22.7 L of dioxygen and 45.4 L of nitrous oxide was formed. The reaction is given below: 2N2(g) + O2(g) → 2N2O(g) Which law is being obeyed in this experiment? Write the statement of the law? 5 Some Basic Concepts of Chemistry
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According to Gay Lussac’s law of gaseous volumes, gases combine or are produced in a chemical reaction in a simple ratio by volume, provided that all gases are at the same temperature and pressure.
If two elements can combine to form more than one compound, the masses of one element that combine with a fixed mass of the other element, are in whole number ratio.
- (a)Is this statement true?
- (b)If yes, according to which law?
- (c)Give one example related to this law.
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(a) Is this statement true?
(b) If yes, according to which law?
(c) Give one example related to this law.
Calculate the average atomic mass of hydrogen using the following data : Isotope % Natural abundance Molar mass H 99.985 1 H 0.015 2
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Average Atomic Mass = 99.985 × 1 + 0.015 × 2 = 99.985 + 0.030 1 0 0 .0 1 5 = = = 1.00015 u 100 100
Hydrogen gas is prepared in the laboratory by reacting dilute HCl with granulated zinc. Following reaction takes place. Zn + 2HCl → ZnCl2 + H2 Calculate the volume of hydrogen gas liberated at STP when 32.65 g of zinc reacts with HCl. 1 mol of a gas occupies 22.7 L volume at STP; atomic mass of Zn = 65.3 u. –1
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From the equation, 63.5 g of zinc liberates 22.7 litre of hydrogen. So
The density of 3 molal solution of NaOH is 1.110 g mL . Calculate the molarity of the solution.
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65 g of zinc will liberate 22.7 L H2 22.7 32.65 g Zn × = L = 11.35 L 65.3 g Zn 2 32. 3 molal solution of NaOH means that 3 mols of NaOH are dissolved in 1000 g of solvent. ∴ Mass of Solution = Mass of Solvent + Mass of Solute = 1000 g + (3 × 40 g) = 1120 g 1120 Volume of Solution = mL = 1009.00 mL 1.110 –1 (Since density of solution = 1.110g mL ) Since 1009 mL solution contains 3 mols of NaOH Number of moles of solute ∴ Molarity = Volume of solution in litre 3 mol = × 1000 = 2.97 M 1009.00
Volume of a solution changes with change in temperature, then, will the molality of the solution be affected by temperature? Give reason for your answer.
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No, Molality of solution does not change with temperature since mass remains unaffected with temperature.
If 4 g of NaOH dissolves in 36 g of H2O, calculate the mole fraction of each component in the solution. Also, determine the molarity of solution (specific –1 gravity of solution is 1g mL ).
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Mass of NaOH = 4 g 4g Number of moles of NaOH = = 0.1 mol 40 g Mass of H2O = 36 g 36 g Number of moles of H2 O = = 2 mol 18 g Number of moles of H2 O Mole fraction of water = No. of moles of water + No. of moles of NaOH 2 2 = = = 0.95 2 + 0.1 2.1 Number of moles of NaOH Mole fraction of NaOH = No. of moles of NaOH + No. of moles of water 0.1 0.1 = = = 0.047 2 + 0.1 2.1 Mass of solution = mass of water + mass of NaOH = 36 g + 4 g = 40 g Volume of solution = 40 × 1 = 40 mL –1 (Since specific gravity of solution is = 1 g mL ) Number of moles of solute Molarity of solution = Volume of solution in litre 0.1 mol NaOH = = 2.5 M 0.04 L
The reactant which is entirely consumed in reaction is known as limiting reagent. In the reaction 2A + 4B → 3C + 4D, when 5 moles of A react with 6 moles of B, then
- (i)which is the limiting reagent?
- (ii)calculate the amount of C formed?
Match the following: (i) 88 g of CO2
- (a)0.25 mol (ii) 6.022 ×10 molecules of H2O
- (b)2 mol (iii) 5.6 litres of O2 at STP
- (c)1 mol (iv) 96 g of O2
- (d)6.022 × 1023 molecules (v) 1 mol of any gas (e) 3 mol
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(a) 0.25 mol (ii) 6.022 ×10 molecules of H2O
(b) 2 mol (iii) 5.6 litres of O2 at STP
(c) 1 mol (iv) 96 g of O2
(d) 6.022 × 1023 molecules (v) 1 mol of any gas (e) 3 mol
Match the following physical quantities with units Physical quantity Unit –1 (i) Molarity
- (a)g mL (ii) Mole fraction
- (b)mol (iii) Mole
- (c)Pascal (iv) Molality
- (d)Unitless –1 (v) Pressure (e) mol L (vi) Luminous intensity (f) Candela (vii) Density (g) mol kg–1 (viii) Mass (h) Nm–1 (i) kg
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(a) g mL (ii) Mole fraction
(b) mol (iii) Mole
(d) Unitless –1 (v) Pressure (e) mol L (vi) Luminous intensity (f) Candela (vii) Density (g) mol kg–1 (viii) Mass (h) Nm–1 (i) kg
(c) Pascal (iv) Molality
Assertion (A): The empirical mass of ethene is half of its molecular mass.
Reason (R): The empirical formula represents the simplest whole number ratio of various atoms present in a compound. (i) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A. (ii) A is true but R is false. (iii) A is false but R is true. (iv) Both A and R are false.
- (i)Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
- (ii)A is true but R is false.
- (iii)A is false but R is true.
- (iv)Both A and R are false.
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(i) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Assertion (A): One atomic mass unit is defined as one twelfth of the mass of one carbon-12 atom.
Reason (R): Carbon-12 isotope is the most abundunt isotope of carbon and has been chosen as standard. (i) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A. (ii) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A. (iii) A is true but R is false. (iv) Both A and R are false.
- (i)Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
- (ii)Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
- (iii)A is true but R is false.
- (iv)Both A and R are false.
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(ii) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
Assertion (A): Significant figures for 0.200 is 3 where as for 200 it is 1.
Reason (R): Zero at the end or right of a number are significant provided they are not on the right side of the decimal point. (i) Both A and R are true and R is correct explanation of A. (ii) Both A and R are true but R is not a correct explanation of A. 7 Some Basic Concepts of Chemistry (iii) A is true but R is false. (iv) Both A and R are false.
- (i)Both A and R are true and R is correct explanation of A.
- (ii)Both A and R are true but R is not a correct explanation of A. 7 Some Basic Concepts of Chemistry
- (iii)A is true but R is false.
- (iv)Both A and R are false.
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(iii) A is true but R is false.
Assertion (A): Combustion of 16 g of methane gives 18 g of water.
Reason (R): In the combustion of methane, water is one of the products. (i) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A. (ii) A is true but R is false. (iii) A is false but R is true. (iv) Both A and R are false.
- (i)Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
- (ii)A is true but R is false.
- (iii)A is false but R is true.
- (iv)Both A and R are false.
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(iii) A is false but R is true.
A vessel contains 1.6 g of dioxygen at STP (273.15K, 1 atm pressure). The gas is now transferred to another vessel at constant temperature, where pressure becomes half of the original pressure. Calculate
- (i)volume of the new vessel.
- (ii)number of molecules of dioxygen.
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(i) volume of the new vessel.
(ii) number of molecules of dioxygen.
Calcium carbonate reacts with aqueous HCl to give CaCl2 and CO2 according to the reaction given below: CaCO3 (s) + 2HCl (aq) → CaCl2(aq) + CO2(g) + H2O(l) What mass of CaCl2 will be formed when 250 mL of 0.76 M HCl reacts with 1000 g of CaCO3? Name the limiting reagent. Calculate the number of moles of CaCl2 formed in the reaction.
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Number of moles of HCl = 250 mL × = 0.19 mol 1000 Mass of CaCO3 = 1000 g 1000 g Number of moles of CaCO3 = = 10 mol 100 g According to given equation 1 mol of CaCO3 (s) requires 2 mol of HCl (aq). Hence, for the reaction of 10 mol of CaCO3 (s) number of moles of HCl required would be: 2 mol HCl (aq) 10 mol CaCO3 × 1 mol CaCO3 (s) = 20 mol HCl (aq) But we have only 0.19 mol HCl (aq), hence, HCl (aq) is limiting reagent. So amount of CaCl2 formed will depend on the amount of HCl available. Since, 2 mol HCl (aq) forms 1 mol of CaCl2, therefore, 0.19 mol of HCl (aq) would give: 1 mol CaCl 2 (aq) 0.19 mol HCl (aq) × = 0.095 mol 2 mol HCl (aq) or 0.095 × molar mass of CaCl2 = 0.095 × 111 = 10.54 g
Define the law of multiple proportions. Explain it with two examples. How does this law point to the existance of atoms?
A box contains some identical red coloured balls, labelled as A, each weighing 2 grams. Another box contains identical blue coloured balls, labelled as B, each weighing 5 grams. Consider the combinations AB, AB2, A2B and A2B3 and show that law of multiple proportions is applicable.
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(Hint : Show that the masses of B which combine with the fixed mass of A in different combinations are related to each other by simple whole numbers). 13 Some Basic Concepts of Chemistry