Chapter 7 – Evolution

Which of the following is used as an atmospheric pollution indicator?

• a.Lepidoptera
• b.Lichens
• c.Lycopersicon
• d.Lycopodium

The theory of spontaneous generation stated that:

• a.life arose from living forms only
• b.life can arise from both living and non-living
• c.life can arise from non-living things only.
• d.life arises spontaneously, neither from living nor from the non-living.

Animal husbandry and plant breeding programmes are the examples of:

• a.reverse evolution
• b.artificial selection
• c.mutation
• d.natural selection

Palaentological evidences for evolution refer to the:

• a.development of embryo
• b.homologous organs
• c.fossils
• d.analogous organs.

The bones of forelimbs of whale, bat, cheetah and man are similar in structure, because:

• a.one organism has given rise to another
• b.they share a common ancestor
• c.they perform the same function
• d.the have biochemical similarities

Analogous organs arise due to:

• a.divergent evolution
• b.artificial selection
• c.genetic drift
• d.convergent evolution

(p+q)2 = p2 + 2pq + q2 = 1 represents an equation used in:

• a.population genetics
• b.mendelian genetics
• c.biometrics
• d.molecular genetics

Appearance of antibiotic-resistant bacteria is an example of:

• a.adaptive radiation
• b.transduction
• c.pre-existing variation in the population
• d.divergent evolution

Evolution of life shows that life forms had a trend of moving from:

• a.land to water
• b.dryland to wet land
• c.fresh water to sea water
• d.water to land

Viviparity is considered to be more evolved because:

• a.the young ones are left on their own
• b.the young ones are protected by a thick shell
• c.the young ones are protected inside the mother's body and are looked after they are born leading to more chances of survival
• d.the embryo takes a long time to develop

Fossils are generally found in:

• a.Sedimentary rocks
• b.Igneous rocks
• c.Metamorphic rocks
• d.Any type of rock E NIT II: NIT II: SSTRUCTURAL UVOLUTION TRUCTURAL O ORGANISATION IN P RGANISATION IN PLANTS ANDA LANTS AND ANIMAL NIMALS 47

For the MN-blood group system, the frequencies of M and N alleles are 0.7 and 0.3, respectively. The expected frequency of MN-blood group bearing organisms is likely to be

• a.42%
• b.49%
• c.9%
• d.58%

Which type of selection explains industrial melanism observed in moth, Biston bitularia:

• a.Stabilising
• b.Directional
• c.Disruptive
• d.Artificial

The most accepted line of descent in human evolution is:

• a.Australopithecus → Ramapithecus → Homo sapiens → Homo habilis
• b.Homo erectus → Homo habilis → Homo sapiens
• c.Ramapithecus → Homo habilis → Homo erectus → Homo sapiens
• d.Australopithecus → Ramapithecus → Homo erectus → Homo habilis → Homo sapiens.

Which of the following is an example for link species?

• a.Lobe fish
• b.Dodo bird
• c.Sea weed
• d.Chimpanzee

Match the scientists listed under column ‘I’ with ideas listed column ‘II’. Column I Column II A. Darwin i. abiogenesis B. Oparin ii. use and disuse of organs C. Lamarck iii. continental drift theory D. Wagner iv. evolution by natural selection

• a.A-i; B-iv; C-ii; D-iii
• b.A-iv; B-i; C-ii; D-iii
• c.A-ii; B-iv; C-iii; D-i
• d.A-iv; B-iii; C-ii; D-i

In 1953 S. L. Miller created primitive earth conditions in the laboratory and gave experimental evidence for origin of first form of life from pre- existing non-living organic molecules. The primitive earth conditions created include:

• a.low temperature, volcanic storms, atmosphere rich in oxygen
• b.low temperature, volcanic storms, reducing atmosphere
• c.high temperature, volcanic storms, non-reducing atmosphere
• d.high temperature, volcanic storms, reducing atmosphere containing CH4, NH3 etc.

Variations during mutations of meiotic recombinations are:

• a.random and directionless
• b.random and directional
• c.small and directional
• d.random, small and directional