Class 12 Chemistry · 101 questions · 98 with answers
Which of the following statements is not correct.
(iv) Antiseptic medicines can be ingested.
Which is the correct statement about birth control pills?
(iii) Contain a mixture of estrogen and progesterone derivatives.
Which statement about aspirin is not true
(i) Aspirin belongs to narcotic analgesics.
The most useful classification of drugs for medicinal chemists is _________.
(iii) on the basis of molecular targets.
Which of the following statements is correct?
(i) Some tranquilisers function by inhibiting the enzymes which catalyse the degradation of noradrenaline.
Salvarsan is arsenic containing drug which was first used for the treatment of ____________.
(i) syphilis
A narrow spectrum antibiotic is active against _______________.
(i) gram positive or gram negative bacteria.
The compound that causes general antidepressant action on the central nervous system belongs to the class of _____________.
(ii) tranquilizers
Compound which is added to soap to impart antiseptic properties is __________.
(iv) bithional
Equanil is __________.
(ii) tranquilizer
Which of the following enhances leathering property of soap?
(ii) Sodium rosinate
Glycerol is added to soap. It functions ______________.
(iii) to prevent rapid drying.
Which of the following is an example of liquid dishwashing detergent? –
(ii)
Polyethyleneglycols are used in the preparation of which type of detergents?
(iii) Non-ionic detergents
Which of the following is not a target molecule for drug function in body?
(iii) Vitamins
Which of the following statements is not true about enzyme inhibitors?
(iii) Generally a strong covalent bond is formed between an inhibitor and an enzyme.
Which of the following chemicals can be added for sweetening of food items at cooking temperature and does not provide calories?
(iv) Sucrolose
Which of the following will not enhance nutritional value of food?
(ii) Artificial sweeteners
Which of the following statements are incorrect about receptor proteins?
(ii) The active site of receptor proteins opens on the inside region of the cell.
(iv) Shape of receptor doesn’t change during attachment of messenger.
Which of the following are not used as food preservatives?
(i) Table salt
(iii) Cane sugar
(ii) Sodium hydrogencarbonate
Compounds with antiseptic properties are ______________.
Which of the following statements are correct about barbiturates?
(i) Hypnotics or sleep producing agents.
(ii) These are tranquilizers.
Which of the following are sulpha drugs?
(i) Sulphapyridine
(ii) Prontosil
Which of the following are antidepressants?
(i) Iproniazid
(ii) Phenelzine
(iii) Equanil
Which of the following statements are incorrect about penicillin?
(iii) It has bacteriostatic effect.
(iv) It is a broad spectrum antibiotic.
Which of the following compounds are administered as antacids?
(ii) Sodium hydrogencarbonate
(iv) Magnesium hydroxide
Amongst the following antihistamines, which are antacids?
(i) Ranitidine
(iv) Cimetidine
Veronal and luminal are derivatives of barbituric acid which are __________.
(i) Tranquilizers
(iv) Neurologically active drugs
Which of the following are anionic detergents?
(i) Sodium salts of sulphonated long chain alcohol.
(iv) Sodium salts of sulphonated long chain hydrocarbons.
Which of the following statements are correct?
(i) Cationic detergents have germicidal properties
(iii) Some synthetic detergents can give foam even in ice cold water.
(iv) Synthetic detergents are not soaps.
What is the average molecular mass of drugs?
~100–500u.
Write the uses of medicines.
Medicines are used in diagnosis, prevention and treatment of diseases.
What are antiseptics?
Antiseptics are chemicals which either kill or prevent the growth of microorganisms and are applied to living tissues.
Which type of drugs come under antimicrobial drugs?
Antiseptics, antibiotics and disinfectants.
Where are receptors located?
Receptors are embedded in cell membrane.
What is the harmful effect of hyperacidity?
Ulcer development in stomach.
Which site of an enzyme is called allosteric site?
Sites different from active site of enzyme where a molecule can bind and affect the active site is called allosteric site. Some drugs may also bind at this site.
What type of forces are involved in binding of substrate to the active site of enzyme?
Ionic bonding, hydrogen bonding, van der Waals interaction, dipole-dipole interaction.
What is the commonality between the antibiotic arsphenamine and azodye? 233 Chemistry in Everyday Life
Arsphenamine possesses —As=== As— linkage that resembles —N===N— linkages in azodyes.
Which class of drugs is used in sleeping pills?
Tranquilizers
Aspirin is pain relieving antipyretic drug but can be used to prevent heart attack. Explain.
Aspirin prevents platelet coagulation and thus has antiblood clotting action therefore can prevent blood clogging in heart.
Both antacids and antiallergic drugs are antihistamines but they cannot replace each other. Explain why?
See page no. 444 of NCERT textbook for Class XII.
What is a soft soap?
These are potassium salts of fatty acids.
If soap has high alkali content it irritates skin. How can the amount of excess alkali be determined? What can be the source of excess alkali?
Acid-base titration can be used to determine the excess amount of alkali in soap. The excess alkali left after hydrolysis of oil can be the source of alkalinity in soap.
Explain why some times foaming is seen in river water near the place where sewage water is poured after treatment?
Detergents persist in water even after sewage treatment and cause foaming in river water.
Which category of the synthetic detergents is used in toothpaste?
Anionic detergent.
Hair shampoos belong to which class of synthetic detergent?
Cationic detergent.
Dishwashing soaps are synthetic detergents. What is their chemical nature?
Non-ionic detergents
Draw the diagram showing micelle formation by the following detergent. – + CH3(CH2)10CH2OSO 3Na
How does the branching of hydrocarbon chain of synthetic detergents affect their biodegradability?
Less branching leads to easy biodegradability.
Why is it safer to use soap from the environmental point of view?
Soaps are biodegradable while detergents are quite stable because of branching in hydrocarbon chain hence cause water pollution.
What are analgesics?
Analgesics are neurologically active pain killing drugs that reduce or abolish pain without causing impairment of consciousness, mental confusion, coordination or paralysis or some other disturbances of nervous system.
What is the scientific explanation for the feeling of depression?
A person suffers from depression when he has low levels of noradrenaline. Noradrenaline is a neurotransmitter that plays a role in mood changes. Low levels of noradrenaline lower the signal-sending activity and make the person suffer from depression.
What is the basic difference between antiseptics and disinfectants?
Antiseptics are applied to living tissues whereas disinfectants are applied to non living objects.
Between sodiumhydrogencarbonate and magnesium hydroxide which is a better antacid and why?
Magnesium hydroxide is a better antacid because being insoluble it does not allow the pH to increase above neutral. Hydrogencarbonate being soluble, its excess can make the stomach alkaline and trigger the production of even more acid.
Which analgesics are called opiates?
Narcotic analgesics which are obtained from opium poppy are called opiates. Examples are morphine and its derivatives like heroin and codeine.
What is the medicinal use of narcotic drugs?
Since narcotic drugs relieve pain and produce sleep, these are chiefly used for the relief of postoperative pain, cardaic pain and pain of terminal cancer and in child birth.
What are antagonistic drugs?
Drugs that bind to the receptor site and inhibit its natural function are called antagonistic drugs.
What is the mode of action of antimicrobial drugs?
Antimicrobial drugs can kill the microorganism such as bacteria, virus, fungi or other parasites. They can, alternatively, inhibit the pathogenic action of microbes. 241 Chemistry in Everyday Life
What is the side product of soap industry? Give reactions showing soap formation.
[Hint : Glycerol.]
What is the difference between bathing soap and washing soaps?
Bathing soaps are potassium salts of long chain fatty acids while washing soaps are sodium salts of long chain fatty acids.
How are transparent soaps manufactured?
Dissolving soap in ethanol followed by evaporating the excess solvent.
What is the advantage of using antihistamines over antacids in the treatment of acidity?
Antacids control only the symptoms and not the cause. They work by neutralising the acid produced in the stomach. They do not control the cause of production of more acid. Antihistamines are the drugs that suppress the action of histamine which is the chemical responsible for stimulation of secretion of pepsin and HCl in the stomach. Antihistamines influence and prevent the binding of histamine with the receptors present in the stomach wall resulting in lower acid production and therefore, better treatment.
What are the functions performed by histamine in the body?
Histamine is a potent vasodilator. It contracts muscles in the gut and bronchi. It relaxes some other muscles e.g. in the walls of blood vessels. Histamine is also responsible for congestion in the nose associated with common cold and allergies. Also, histamine stimulates the release of pepsin and hydrochloric acid in the stomach.
With the help of an example explain how do tranquilizers control the feeling of depression?
See Class-XII NCERT, textbook page no. 444.
Why are certain drugs called enzyme inhibitors?
Enzymes have active sites that bind the substrate for effective and quick chemical reaction. The functional groups present at the active site of enzyme interact with functional groups of substrate via ionic bonding, hydrogen bonding, van der Waal interaction etc. Some drugs interfere with this interaction by blocking the binding site of enzyme and prevent the binding of actual substrate with enzyme. This inhibits the catalytic activity of the enzyme, therefore, these are called inhibitors.
What are fillers and what role these fillers play in soap?
Some substances are added to soap to affect the properties in order to make it useful for a particular application. Examples are sodium rosinate, sodium carbonate, etc. Sodium rosinate is added in laundry soaps, to increase lather and glycerol is added in shaving soaps, to prevent it from drying.
Sugar is the main source of energy as it produces energy on metabolic decomposition. But these days low calorie drinks are more popular, why?
[Hint : In such drinks artificial sweetening agents are present which do not metabolise hence do not produce any energy.]
Pickles have a long shelf life and do not get spoiled for months, why?
[Hint : Plenty of salt and cover of oil act as preservative. These do not allow bacteria to thrive on them.]
What is the difference between saccharin and saccharic acid?
Name an artificial sweetener which is derivative of sucrose.
Sucrolose
Name two α-amino acids which form a dipeptide which is 100 times more sweet than cane sugar?
Aspartic acid and phenylalanine.
Aspartame is unstable at cooking temperature, where would you suggest aspartame to be used for sweetening?
In cold foods and soft drinks.
Sodium salts of some acids are very useful as food preservatives. Suggest a few such acids.
Benzoic acid, sorbic acid, propanoic acid.
Explain the role of allosteric site in enzyme inhibition?
Hint : For answer see page no. 441 of NCERT textbook for Class XII.
How are receptor proteins located in the cell membrane?
Hint : For answer see page no. 442 of NCERT textbook for Class XII.
What happens when the bond formed between an enzyme and an inhibitor is a strong covalent bond?
Hint : For answer see page no. 442 of NCERT textbook for Class XII. IV. Matching Type
Match the medicines given in Column I with their use given in Column II. Column I Column II (i) Ranitidine
(a) Tranquilizer (ii) Furacine
(c) Antihistamine (iv) Chloramphenicol
(b) Antibiotic (iii) Phenelzine
(d) Antiseptic (e) Antifertility drug 235 Chemistry in Everyday Life
Match the soaps given in Column I with items given in Column II. Column I Column II (i) Soap chips
(a) dried miniature soap bubbles (ii) Soap granules
(b) small broken pieces of soap formed from melted soaps (iii) Soap powder
(c) soap powder + abrasives + builders (Na2CO3, Na3PO4) (iv) Scouring soap
(d) soap powder + builders like Na2CO3 and Na3PO4
Match structures given in Column I with the type of detergents given in Column II. Column I Column II (i) CH3(CH2)16COO(CH2CH2O)nCH2CH2OH
(a) Cationic detergent – (ii) C17H35 COO Na +
(c) Nonionic detergent (iv)
(b) Anionic detergent – + (iii) CH3—(CH2)10CH2 SO3 Na
(d) Soap
Match the detergents given in Column I with their uses given in Column II. Column I Column II (i)
(a) Dishwashing powder (ii)
(c) Hair conditioners (iv) CH3(CH2)16COO(CH2CH2O)nCH2CH2OH
(b) Laundry soap – + (iii) C17H35COONa + Na2CO3 + Rosin
(d) Toothpaste
Match the class of compounds given in Column I with their functions given in Column II. Column I Column II (i) Antagonists
(a) Communicate message between two neurons and that between neurons to muscles (ii) Agonists
(b) Bind to the receptor site and inhibit its natural function (iii) Chemical messenger
(d) Mimic the natural messenger (v) Receptors (e) Inhibit activities of enzymes.
(c) Crucial to body’s communication process (iv) Inhibitors
Match the classes of drugs given in Column I with their action given in Column II. Column I Column II (i) Analgesics
(a) Inhibit the growth of microorganisms can be given orally. (ii) Antiseptics
(b) Treatment of stress (iii) Antihistamines
(c) Applied to inanimate objects (iv) Antacids
(d) Prevents the interaction of histamine with its receptor (v) Tranquilisers (e) Pain killing effect (vi) Antibiotics (f) Applied to diseased skin surfaces (vii) Disinfectants (g) Treatment of acidity
Assertion (A): Penicillin (G) is an antihistamine
Reason (R): Penicillin (G) is effective against gram positive as well as gram negative bacteria.
Assertion (A): Sulpha drug contain sulphonamide group.
Reason (R): Salvarsan is a sulpha drug.
Assertion (A): Receptors are crucial to body’s communication process.
Reason (R): Receptors are proteins.
Assertion (A): Enzymes have active sites that hold substrate molecule for a chemical reaction.
Reason (R): Drugs compete with natural substrate by attaching covalently to the active site of enzyme.
Assertion (A): Chemical messengers are chemicals that enable communication of message between two neurons or between neurons and muscles.
Reason (R): Chemicals enter the cell through receptor.
Assertion (A): Transparent soaps are made by dissolving soaps in ethanol.
Reason (R): Ethanol makes things invisible.
Assertion (A): Sodium chloride is added to precipitate soap after saponification.
Reason (R): Hydrolysis of esters of long chain fatty acids by alkali produces soap in colloidal form.
Assertion (A): Competitive inhibitors compete with natural substrate for their attachment on the active sites of enzymes.
Reason (R): In competitive inhibition, inhibitor binds to the allosteric site of the enzyme.
Assertion (A): Non-competitive inhibitor inhibits the catalyic activity of enzyme by binding with its active site.
Reason (R): Non-competitive inhibitor changes the shape of the active site in such a way that substrate can’t recognise it.
(v)
Assertion (A): Chemical messenger gives message to the cell without entering the cell.
Reason (R): Chemical messenger is received at the binding site of receptor proteins.
Assertion (A): Receptor proteins show selectivity for one chemical messenger over the other.
Reason (R): Chemical messenger binds to the receptor site and inhibits its natural function.
Assertion (A): All chemicals added to food items are called food preservatives.
Reason (R): All these chemicals increase the nutritive value of the food.
Assertion (A): Preservative are added to food items.
Reason (R): Preservatives inhibit the growth of microorganisms.
Assertion (A): Artificial sweeteners are added to the food to control the intake of calories.
Reason (R): Most of the artificial sweeteners are inert and do not metabolise in the body.
In what respect do prontosil and salvarsan resemble. Is there any resemblance between azo dye and prontsil? Explain.
Hint: For answer see NCERT textbook for Class XII.
How do enzymes catalyse a chemical reaction in the living system? Explain drug target interaction taking the example of enzyme as target.
Hint: For answer see NCERT textbook for Class XII.
Synthetic detergents have advantage over usual soaps as far as cleansing power is concerned. But use of synthetic detergents over a long time creates environmental pollution. How can the pollution caused by synthetic detergents be minimised? Classify the detergents according to their chemical nature.
Hint: For answer see NCERT textbook for Class XII.
What are enzyme inhibitors? Classify them on the basis of their mode of attachments on the active site of enzymes. With the help of diagrams explain how do inhibitors inhibit the enzymatic activity. 239 Chemistry in Everyday Life
Hint: For answer see NCERT textbook for Class XII. 243 Chemistry in Everyday Life